How Would You Define Calvinism?

Calvinism is a form of Christian belief which began with the teaching of the reformer John Calvin (1509-1564). Calvinism is a severe form of Protestantism which insists on the sinfulness of the human race, and the predestination of all people. Only a few, chosen by god, can give salvation; the rest are condemned to damnation. Calvinist beliefs were especially strong in Presbyterianism, among other Protestant Churches.

Calvinism condemns acts that are deemed morally lax or disrespectful. They are generally not allowed or expected to engage in intoxication, worldly licentiousness, or Sabbath sacrilege. Historically, early Calvinist societies prohibited or severely restricted activities such as dancing, gambling, and attending the theater.

Calvinism is often used interchangeably with Reformed theology. Reformed theology is one of the two major branches of historic Protestant Christianity that emerged during the sixteenth century Reformation. Lutheranism is the alternative option. Ulrich Zwingli is often regarded as the founder of Reformed theology. However, the truth is more convoluted.

While Zwingli was a significant leader and a pioneer, a global network of supportive clergy and theologians came together to establish what is now recognized as Reformed theology. It is widely acknowledged that John Calvin is part of the second generation of Reformed thinkers. After fleeing France, Calvin encountered existing Reformed churches and communities in Switzerland and Strasbourg.

Another issue for those who want to associate “Calvinism” with Reformed theology is that the latter is more directly linked to churches and specific confessions of faith. Certain interpretations of the divine covenants, as well as infant baptism, are commonly held to be important to Reformed theology. “Calvinism,” on the other hand, is frequently applied to groups that hold opposing views on these principles.

A further problem is that many Anglicans readily accept the designation “Reformed” but avoid the term “Calvinist.” Many Anglicans identify Calvinism with the Puritan movement due to disagreements about church government, liturgy, vestments, holidays, and revolution.

As a result, while it is understandable to associate Calvinism with Reformed theology, the two terms have distinct connotations and should be defined separately. Reformed theology is concerned with confessions of faith and formal church entities. Calvinism is primarily a set of beliefs, priorities, and social movements.

Content for this question contributed by Melisa Almasy, resident of Library, South Park Township, Library, Pennsylvania, USA